Illustrative Math Alignment: Grade 8 Unit 2

Topic

Linear Functions

Definition

Direct variation describes a linear relationship between two variables where one variable is a constant multiple of the other, expressed as y = kx, where k is the constant of variation.

Description

Direct variation is a fundamental concept in linear functions, illustrating how one variable changes proportionally with another. The constant of variation, 𝑘 k, represents the rate of change.

In real-world scenarios, direct variation can model relationships such as speed and distance, where distance traveled varies directly with time at a constant speed. Understanding this concept is crucial in fields like physics and engineering.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Delta x is the change in the x-coordinate in a linear relationship.

Description

The term Delta x is fundamental to understanding slope as it represents the horizontal change in a line’s position. In real-world applications, Delta x can represent the distance traveled over time in physics and engineering contexts.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Delta y is the change in the y-coordinate in a linear relationship.

Description

The term Delta y signifies the vertical change, essential for calculating slope used in graphing and data interpretation. In practical scenarios, Delta y can illustrate changes in temperature over time or the rise in elevation in geography.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Grade is a ratio indicating the steepness of a slope.

Description

The term Grade commonly refers to the angle of elevation or slope expressed as a percentage. In engineering, grades are crucial for designing roads and railways, ensuring safety and efficiency.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Gradient represents the rate of change of a quantity.

Description

The Gradient measures how steep a line is, calculated by the ratio of the rise to run. This concept is significant in fields like physics and economics where gradients can represent relationships between variables.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Negative Slope indicates a decrease in value as x increases.

Description

The Negative Slope signifies that as one variable increases, the other decreases, often used in economics to depict inverse relationships. This term finds relevance in real-world scenarios like demand curves which slope downwards.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Pitch refers to the steepness of a slope in a real-world context.

Description

Pitch is commonly applied in construction and design fields to denote the angle of roofs and ramps. This is essential in architecture, especially when dealing with drainage and material use.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Point-Slope Form is a way to express linear equations given the slope and a point on the line.

Description

The Point-Slope Form is crucial in algebra for identifying linear relationships given the slope and a point on the line. Understanding this concept aids in graphing lines efficiently and is foundational in higher mathematics.

For a complete collection of terms related to Slope click on this link: Slope Collection.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Positive Slope indicates an increase in value as x increases.

Description

The Positive Slope indicates that as x grows, y also rises, signifying direct relationships in data analysis. This principle enables predictions in various analytics and trends.

For a complete collection of terms related to Slope click on this link: Slope Collection.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Slope measures the steepness of a line.

Description

Slope is a fundamental concept in mathematics, expressing the ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run. This is vital for understanding linear functions, essential in fields such as physics, economics, and data science.

For a complete collection of terms related to Slope click on this link: Slope Collection.

Topic

Slope

Definition

The Slope Formula calculates the rate of change.

Description

The Slope Formula is typically represented as 

This formula is a cornerstone in algebra, enabling students to analyze linear equations effectively.

Topic

Slope

Definition

The slope-intercept form is an equation of a straight line represented as y = m x + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Description

The slope-intercept form is a fundamental concept in algebra, providing a straightforward way to graph linear equations. It is widely used in various fields, from economics to physics, to model linear relationships and predict outcomes based on given data. Understanding this form is crucial for students as it lays the foundation for more complex mathematical concepts and real-world applications.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that never meet; they have equal slopes.

Description

Understanding the slopes of parallel lines is essential in geometry and algebra, as it helps in identifying and proving parallelism in shapes and graphs. This concept is applied in various fields, including architecture and engineering, where maintaining parallelism is crucial for structural integrity and design. In mathematics education, this concept aids in developing logical reasoning and problem-solving skills.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle, and their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other.

Description

The concept of perpendicular slopes is vital in geometry, as it helps in determining the orthogonality of lines. This principle is used in various applications, such as designing perpendicular intersections in roadways and creating right-angle joints in construction. In education, it enhances students' understanding of geometric properties and their ability to solve related problems.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Steepness is a measure of how steep a line is, typically calculated as the absolute value of the slope.

Description

Steepness is a key concept in understanding the inclination of lines and surfaces. It is commonly used in fields like geology and civil engineering to assess the gradient of terrains and structures. In math education, learning about steepness helps students grasp the concept of slope and its practical implications, enhancing their analytical skills and understanding of real-world phenomena.

Topic

Slope

Definition

The rise over the run describes the change in y over the change in x in a linear relationship.

Description

The concept of "rise over run" is foundational in understanding how to calculate the slope of a line. It is used in various disciplines, such as physics and economics, to model relationships and predict trends. In education, mastering this concept is crucial for students as it forms the basis for graphing linear equations and understanding the behavior of lines in a coordinate plane.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Undefined slope occurs when a vertical line is present, meaning there is no change in x.

Description

An undefined slope is a critical concept in mathematics, particularly in graphing. It indicates a vertical line where the change in x is zero, making the slope calculation impossible. This concept is important in various fields, such as computer graphics and data analysis, where vertical lines can represent boundaries or limits. Understanding undefined slopes helps students in identifying and interpreting vertical lines in graphs.

Topic

Slope

Definition

Zero slope describes a horizontal line where there is no change in y as x changes.

Description

A zero slope is a key concept in algebra and geometry, representing a horizontal line. It is used in various applications, such as designing flat surfaces and analyzing constant relationships in data. In education, understanding zero slopes helps students in graphing and interpreting horizontal lines, enhancing their ability to analyze linear relationships.

For a complete collection of terms related to Slope click on this link: Slope Collection.

In this graphing calculator activity, have your students explore how to convert linear equations in standard form to a linear function in slope-intercept form. This Desmos template allows students to explore the effect of changes in the values of A, B, and C in the standard form and m and b in the slope-intercept form. A companion downloadable worksheet uses the graphing calculator template to explore the properties of these linear equations and functions. Note: The download is a PDF worksheet.

The following section includes background information on slope. This background also includes video resources and accompanying transcripts.

Use this activity to explore slope as a rate of change. In this Desmos activity, the slope of the line is the rate (cost per pound) for purchasing fruit. Students manipulate the slider for m to see the impact on the cost.

This Desmos activity allows students to explore slope as the ratio of the rise over the run. Click Preview to launch the activity. In the activity students click on the points to create a line segment connecting two points. Use the background grid to determine the rise and the run and calculate the slope.

Desmos Activity: Slope As Rise Over Run 2

In this activity, students input different values for the coordinates to create a new line. They can then measure the rise and run to calculate the slope.

The formula for the Slope Formula. This is part of a collection of math formulas. 

The following section includes background information on slope. This background also includes video resources and accompanying transcripts.

What Is Slope?

Watch this video to learn about the slope formula. (The transcript is also included.)

Learn different strategies for finding the slope of a line. The Strategy Packs provide alternate ways of solving the same problem, giving your students different approaches to the same problem. The goal of the Strategy Packs is to encourage your students to think strategically when solving math problems.

Note: The download is a PPT file.

In this Slide Show, use the Desmos graphing calculator to explore the point-slope form. To see the complete collection of Desmos Resources click on this link.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

The complete set of 13 examples that make up this set of tutorials.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

The complete set of 29 examples that make up this set of tutorials.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

This PowerPoint includes the 22 Tutorials on the topic of converting Linear Equations in Standard Form to Slope-Intercept Form.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

The complete set of 20 examples that make up this set of tutorials.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

The complete set of 8 examples that make up this set of tutorials.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

In this Slide Show, create a template for determining the equation of a line given a point and the slope of the line. This presentation requires the use of the TI-Nspire iPad App. Note: the download is a PPT.

<h1>INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCE: Tutorial: The Point-Slope Form</h1><p>In this Slide Show, learn about thepoint-slope form. </p><h3> This is part of a collection of tutorials on a variety of math topics. To see the complete collection of these resources, <a href="https://www.media4math.com/instructional-resources?field_la_display_tit… on this link.</u></strong></a> </h3>

<h3> Note: The download is a PPT file. </h3><

<h2> Library of Instructional Resources </h3>

This slide show shows how to write equations in slope-intercept form for parallel and perpendicular lines. This slide show also includes some sample SAT-style questions.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCE: Tutorial: Point-Slope Form (SAT Prep)

This slide show shows how to use the point-slope form to write a linear equation in slope-intercept form. This slide show also includes some sample SAT-style questions.

Library of Instructional Resources

To see the complete library of Instructional Resources , click on this link.

This interactive crossword puzzle tests knowledge of key terms on the topic of the slope intercept form.

Related Resources

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a simple translation in geometric transformations. Two "T" shapes are shown on a grid, labeled "Before" and "After". The "Before" shape on the left is translated to become the "After" shape on the right, illustrating how an object can move position without changing its size or orientation.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example showcases a combination of reflection and translation in geometric transformations. Two circular "O" shapes are displayed on a grid, one labeled "Before" and the other "After". A red dashed line indicates the axis of reflection. The transformation involves first reflecting the shape across this axis and then translating it to a new position. This demonstrates how multiple transformations can be applied in sequence to create more complex movements.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a single rotation in geometric transformations. Two circular "O" shapes are shown on a grid, one labeled "Before" and the other "After". The shape undergoes a rotation around a point indicated by a pushpin, which serves as the axis of rotation. This illustrates how an object can change its orientation without altering its size or position relative to the rotation point.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example illustrates a combination of rotation and reflection in geometric transformations. Two circular "O" shapes are displayed on a grid, one labeled "Before" and the other "After". The transformation involves two steps: first, a rotation around a point indicated by a pushpin, which serves as the axis of rotation, followed by a reflection across a red dashed line representing the axis of reflection. This demonstrates how multiple transformations can be applied sequentially to create more complex changes in orientation and position.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a single reflection in geometric transformations. Two grids are shown with the letter "O" before and after a transformation. The "Before" grid has the "O" on the left side, while the "After" grid has it on the right side. A red dashed line indicates the axis of reflection in the middle of the two "O"s. Below, there is a diagram showing the reflection transformation along this axis, illustrating how the shape is flipped across the line while maintaining its size and shape.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example illustrates a complex combination of transformations: translation, rotation, and reflection. Two grids are shown with an "O" shape before and after transformations. The "Before" grid has an "O" with a red dot at its center, while the "After" grid shows the same "O" but rotated and reflected. Below, a step-by-step diagram illustrates three sequential transformations: first, a translation moves the shape, then a rotation turns it around a pushpin (indicating the axis of rotation), and finally, a reflection flips it across a red dashed line.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a simple translation in geometric transformations. Two grids are displayed with the letter "F" before and after a transformation. The "Before" grid shows an "F" on the left side, and the "After" grid shows it on the right side. Below, there is an arrow indicating that only a translation occurred between the two positions of the letter, showcasing how an object can move position without changing its size or orientation.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a combination of translation and rotation in geometric transformations. Two grids are shown with the letter "F" before and after transformations. The "Before" grid has an upright "F", while the "After" grid shows it rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Below, there is a diagram illustrating two steps: first, a translation moves the shape, then a rotation turns it around a pushpin axis.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example illustrates a combination of reflection and translation in geometric transformations. The image shows a large letter "F" on a grid transforming into a letter "L". The transformation involves two steps: first, a reflection across an axis represented by a red dashed line, and then a translation to a new position.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a single rotation in geometric transformations. The image shows the letter "F" on a grid being rotated to form the same letter in a different orientation. A pushpin indicates the axis of rotation, and an arrow shows the direction of rotation, illustrating how an object can change its orientation without altering its size or shape.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example illustrates a combination of rotation and reflection in geometric transformations. The image shows the letter "F" being transformed into an upside-down version of itself. This transformation involves two steps: first, a rotation around an axis indicated by a pushpin, followed by a reflection across a line represented by a red dashed line.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example illustrates a combination of transformations: translation and rotation. Two "T" shapes are shown on a grid, labeled "Before" and "After". The shape undergoes a translation (movement) and a rotation, with a pushpin indicating the axis of rotation. This demonstrates how multiple transformations can be applied sequentially to a shape.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a single reflection in geometric transformations. The image shows the letter "F" being reflected to form the letter "L". A red dashed line indicates the axis of reflection, illustrating how the letter changes its orientation through this single transformation. This showcases how an object can be flipped over a line while changing its shape and orientation.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a complex combination of transformations: translation, rotation, and reflection. The image shows an uppercase letter "F" on a grid labeled "Before" and a transformed version of the letter "F" upside down on another grid labeled "After." Below, there are illustrations showing the three steps of the transformation process.

Topic

Transformations

Description

This example demonstrates a simple translation in geometric transformations. The image shows an uppercase letter "Z" on a grid labeled "Before" and a horizontally shifted version of the same letter on another grid labeled "After." Below, there is an illustration showing just a translation, indicating that the letter "Z" is moved horizontally without any rotation or reflection.